Reporting on Scope 3 emissions continues to raise challenges for companies and institutional investors due to poor disclosure, data incompleteness and high volatility. Yet, these indirect upstream and downstream emissions tend to represent the largest share of a company’s – or a portfolio’s – total emissions. This report highlights the importance of comparable Scope 3 estimates when managing climate change risks facing investment portfolios.

How can investors identify emissions throughout the value chain of companies in their portfolios? We explain what these “Scope 3” emissions are, why they are so important and what actions investors can take as they seek to manage resulting risks.

This guide aims to support institutional investors who intend to follow the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures’ recommendations for reporting on their climate-related risk management processes.