- We find that a group of 20 ESG funds had higher MSCI ESG Fund Ratings than the MSCI USA Index as these funds included fewer stocks classified as ESG laggards.
- From December 2009 to December 2019, the ESG factor cumulatively contributed 1.88% to the top 20 ESG funds’ returns, with more than 80% of that return occurring in the last four years of the study period.
- Investors who want to evaluate ESG’s impact on risk and return can use a risk model that integrates ESG.
Environmental, social and governance (ESG) is becoming an integral part of the investment process for investors across the world. One challenge facing investors is how to quantify the impact ESG has had on their investment process.
We used MSCI’s Peer Analytics dataset and selected funds that were identified as having an ESG policy, based on what was stated in their prospectuses. An ESG policy is defined as having “adopted investment policies that consider some ESG criteria, including: environmental, social or governance concerns, religious beliefs, inclusive employee policies or environmentally friendly investments.” We then selected U.S. equity large-cap mutual funds with assets under management (AUM) greater than $25 million. As of March 16, 2020, this universe was comprised of 78 ESG funds with aggregate AUM over $100 billion.
We then selected the top 20 ESG funds by ESG scores (top 20 ESG funds), comprising about 20% of the AUM in our universe, defined as those funds that had the highest MSCI ESG Fund Ratings.1 We equal-weighted this hypothetical portfolio based on year-end ESG scores from 2009 to 2019 and rebalanced it on a quarterly basis.
Top 20 ESG funds held fewer laggards
From the exhibit above, we see that the top 20 ESG funds had a higher weighted average ESG score of 6.46 than the MSCI USA Index score of 5.64. The ESG fund score can help investors understand the make-up of their ESG funds.2 This is an additional tool investors can use to look beneath the hood of these funds. ESG momentum — which measures net increase or decrease in stock-level ratings — is an important element of the score. While both the MSCI USA Index and top 20 ESG funds benefitted from ESG momentum due to including companies whose ESG ratings have increased year-over-year, the MSCI USA Index included relatively more ESG Laggards3 than the top 20 ESG funds, resulting in a lower ESG score. Overall, the MSCI USA Index received a BBB rating while the top 20 ESG funds which received an A rating.
We then evaluated if the top 20 ESG funds provided additional return over time. As the exhibit below shows, the top 20 ESG funds had an average active ESG exposure of 0.30 which can be considered a meaningful exposure to ESG.4 Over the 10-year period ended December 2019, these funds outperformed the MSCI USA Index by 0.78% on an annualized basis. This return premium was especially pronounced since 2017.
Top 20 ESG funds’ active return and exposure to ESG
This leads us to our original question: How much has ESG contributed to the return of these ESG funds? To quantify the contribution from ESG, we used a global equity factor model that includes ESG as a factor.
ESG contributed to top 20 ESG fund returns over the last four years
Over the entire analysis period from December 2009 to December 2019, ESG had a cumulative return contribution of 1.88%. Most of this return came during the last four years. From 2015 to 2019, ESG returned 1.55% which corresponds to the improved performance of ESG in the risk model as seen in the exhibit above. This may have been due to greater awareness and/or adoption of ESG investing.5
Examining the top 20 ESG funds gives us insight into recent contribution of ESG to fund performance and helps us measure ESG’s impact. Quantifying risk and return directly attributable to ESG will help investors measure the impact of ESG considerations as part of the investment process.
1The MSCI ESG Fund Rating is equal to the weighted average ESG score of a fund’s holdings plus ESG momentum (the fund’s net exposure to holdings with improving versus worsening ESG ratings) less ESG tail risk (the fund’s exposure to holdings with CCC and B ESG ratings).
2Please see the executive summary of the MSCI ESG Fund Ratings Methodology for further details.
3ESG Laggards are stocks rated as B or CCC or with ESG score or 0.0 to 2.9. Please see the MSCI ESG Ratings Methodology for further details.
4Bonne, G., Roisenberg, L., Subramanian, R., and Melas, D. 2018. “Introducing MSCI FaCS: A New Factor Classification Standard for Equity Portfolios” MSCI Research Insight.
5Kotsantonis, S., Pinney C., and Serafeim, G. 2016. ”ESG Integration in Investment Management: Myths and Realities.” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 28.
Further Reading
Factors and ESG: the truth behind three myths